Health and Environment

A small plane flies over bare arid land, with visible smoke arising from it.

Class A: Slow Violence and Toxic Infrastructures of War

Key Terms

slow violence, chemical infrastructure, distributed reproduction, toxic uncertainty, epistemological and evidentiary regimes.

Readings

Rob Nixon (2011) “Ecologies of the Aftermath: Precision Warfare and Slow Violence” (199-232) in Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Harvard University Press: Cambridge.

Michelle Murphy (2013) “Distributed Reproduction, Chemical Violence, and Latency.” The Scholar and Feminist Online.

Vasiliki Touhouliotis (2018) “Weak Seed and a Poisoned Land: Slow Violence and the Toxic Infrastructures of War in South Lebanon,” Environmental Humanities 10(1): 86-106.

Multimedia

Forensic Architecture, “Herbicidal Warfare in Gaza” (2019)

Sara Musa, My Garden Over Gaza. (2022)

Visualizing Palestine, “Israeli Restrictions on Palestinian Food Sovereignty” (2022)

News

ARTICLE

The New Arab (2023) “The long-term environmental toll of Israel’s assault on Gaza”

VIDEO

Al-Jazeera (2009) “‘Birth defects’ from Israeli bombs” (2 minutes)

Discussion Questions

  • How does the concept of “slow violence” remake our understanding of the time of war?
  • What does slow violence teach us about the relationship between environment and health, or, more specifically, human bodies and plants?
  • What does a feminist approach to slow violence offer us? What does Murphy’s conception of chemical infrastructure offer us that Nixon’s slow violence does not?
  • What dilemmas does slow violence create for gathering evidence of harm and establishing causality? 
  • What kinds of epistemological and evidentiary strategies do people mobilize to document and contest slow violence?

Further Reading

Kali Rubaii. 2020. “Birth Defects and the Toxic Legacy of War in Iraq.” Middle East Research and Information Project. September 22, 2020.

Kenneth MacLeish and Zoë Wool (2022). “Burn Pits: US Military Waste as War Violence,” from “Ecologies of War,” Cultural Anthropology.

Saad Amira (2021) “The slow violence of Israeli settler-colonialism and the political ecology of ethnic cleansing in the West Bank,” Settler Colonial Studies, 11(4): 512-523.

Sophia Stamatopoulou-Robbins (2021) “Failure to build: Sewage and the choppy temporality of infrastructure in Palestine,” Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 4(1): 28-42.

Nadine Fattaleh and Adam Albarghouthi (Translator and Editor) (2022) “Agroecology, from Palestine to the Diaspora” in Science for the People 25:1.

Munira Khayyat (2022) A Landscape of War: Ecologies of Resistance and Survival in South Lebanon. Oakland: University of California Press.

Dorota Golańska (2022) “Slow urbicide: Accounting for the shifting temporalities of political violence in the West Bank,” Geoforum.

Julie Peteet (2017) “Waiting and ‘Stealing Time’: Closure’s Temporality” in Space and Mobility in Palestine.

D. A. Jaber (2021) “Settler colonialism and ecocide: case study of Al-Khader, Palestine, Settler Colonial Studies.

Nimrod Ben Zeev (2022) “Toward a History of Dangerous Work and Racialized Inequalities in Twentieth-Century Palestine/Israel”

MULTIMEDIA

Lawrence Abu Hamdan, “Air Pressure” (on noise pollution)

Class B: Infrastructure and Power (Water and Waste)

Key Terms

infrastructure, sovereignty, water, waste. 

Readings

Max Liboiron (2018) “Waste colonialism.” Discard Studies.

Sophia Stamatopoulou-Robbins (2019) “Chapter 5: Leakage: Sewage and Doublethink in a ‘Shared Environment’” (172-206) in Waste Siege: The Life of Infrastructure in Palestine. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Note: this chapter could be taught with Chapters 1 and 3 of Waste Siege for an advanced seminar.

Leena Dallasheh (2022) “Would the United States Come to Nazareth’s Aid? Local and International Contests over the City’s Water,” Journal of Palestine Studies, 51(4). Special Issue on Infrastructure, Environment, and Health in Palestine: 24-44.

Multimedia

GRAPHICS
letter

“Against Weaponizing Water in Gaza” (2023)

film

E-flux “Film and the Toxic Politics of Waste” (14 minutes).

Discussion Questions

  • How does attention to infrastructure illuminate relationships of power? What does the management of water and waste tell us about (non)sovereignty?
  • How do infrastructures (often framed as apolitical technical solutions to everyday problems) become sites of violence and also political struggle and resistance?
  • What is “infrastructural violence?”
  • What work does the concept of a “shared environment” (Stamatopoulou-Robbins) do in the context of occupation?

News

ARTICLE

Human Rights Watch, On water and the public health crisis in Gaza (2023)

Heinrich Böll-Stiftung, The Reality of Waste Management in Gaza (2019)

Haaretz, On Gaza Landfill Fires (2023)

VIDEO

The Wall Street Journal “Why Gazans Don’t Have Enough Water to Survive” (2023)

Further Reading

special issues

Sherene Seikaly and Sophia Stamatopoulous-Robbins (Editors). The Journal of Palestine Studies, Special Issue on infrastructure, environment, and health (2022).

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space (assembled 2023) Critical nature-society relations in Palestine/Israel: A Virtual Special Issue.

Infrastructure and Infrastructural Violence

Dennis Rodgers and Bruce O’Neill (2012) “Introduction: Infrastructural violence,” Ethnography 13(4), 401-412.

Omar Jabary Salamanca (2011) “Unplug and Play: Manufacturing Collapse in Gaza” Human Geography 4(1): 23-37.

Samer Alatout (2009) “Bringing abundance into environmental politics: Constructing a Zionist network of water abundance, immigration, and colonization,” Social Studies of Science 39(3): 363-394.

Erika Weinthal and Jeannie Sowers (2019) “Targeting infrastructure and livelihoods in the West Bank and Gaza” International Affairs 95: 2 (2019) 319–340.

B’Tselem “Even during a pandemic: Soldiers shoot holes in water tanks at Kafr Qadum” (2020) 

Stephen Graham (2003) “Lessons in Urbicide,” New Left Review.

Omar Jabary Salamanca (2016) “Assembling the Fabric of Life: When Settler Colonialism Becomes Development,”Journal of Palestine Studies 45 (4): 64–80.

Nasser Abourahme (2015) “Assembling and Spilling-Over: Towards an ‘Ethnography of Cement' in a Palestinian Refugee Camp,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (39)2: 185-434.

Sophia Stamatopoulou-Robbins (2022) “Scratch-and-sniff Palestine: How olfaction shapes nonsovereign infrastructural spaces,” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space.

Munira Khayyat (2021) “Waste as weapon, life as resistance” HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 11(1): 357–359. Review essay of Waste Siege (Stamatopoulou-Robbins 2022).

water

Nadi Abusaada (2022) “The Pit and the Pond: Hydraulic Projects and Municipal Rights in Modern Palestine,” Journal of Palestine Studies 51(4): 8-23.

Osama Tanous (2021) “‘You, as of Now, Are Someone Else!’: Minoritization, Settler Colonialism, and Indigenous Health,” Journal of Palestine Studies.

Irus Braverman (2019) “Silent springs: The nature of water and Israel’s military occupation,” Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space.

Amahl Bishara, Nidal Al-Azraq, Shatha Alazeeh, and John Durant (2020) “The multifaceted outcomes of community-engaged water quality management in a Palestinian refugee camp,” Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space.